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Species profile

Pearl Cichlid

Geophagus brasiliensis

Common names: Pearl Cichlid, Brazilian Eartheater

Recognized speciesCichlids
Pearl Cichlid (Geophagus brasiliensis)

Adult size

Up to 30 cm

Typical adult length 20–30 cm.

Up to 30 cm

Countries of origin

  • See all stock from Brazil
  • See all stock from Uruguay

Good fit for your tank?

Good fit for

  • Mature planted aquarium setups
  • Intermediate shrimp keepers

Think carefully if

  • The aquarium contains shrimp-eating fish
  • The tank is newly cycled
  • Water conditions change frequently

A large, hardy coastal South American cichlid with pearly blue spotting and stronger aggression than most Amazonian Geophagus.

Appearance and Identification

A robust olive to brown cichlid with dense blue-green pearl spotting, red fin accents, and a dark flank blotch. Mature males may develop a forehead hump.

Despite its long-standing name, it differs behaviourally and ecologically from many Amazonian Geophagus. Provenance matters because the complex may contain regional diversity.

Males are larger, more intensely spotted, longer-finned, and may develop a nuchal hump. Females are smaller and rounder when gravid.

Tank Requirements

Suggested filter
About 1,800–2,250 litres an hour
Suggested heater
About 450–675 W for this tank
Minimum tank volume
450 litres
Minimum tank length
180 cm
Minimum group size
1
Recommended group size
2
Activity level
High
Flow preference
Moderate
Planting preference
Moderately planted
Hiding places
Yes
Lid recommended
Yes
Jumping risk
Low

Use a large tank with fine sand, strong filtration, open territory, large rocks and wood, and securely protected plants. A pair needs escape routes.

Behaviour and Tankmates

Assertive, territorial, and active, with strong substrate digging and pair defence.

Keep singly or as a proven pair in a large aquarium. Group maintenance requires exceptional space.

Breeding pairs defend a broad substrate territory and can injure tank mates.

Only with robust similarly sized fish in a large tank. Avoid small fish, shrimp, timid cichlids, and delicate plants.

Check tankmates for this species

Water Parameters

Temperature
18–28 °C
pH
6–8.2
GH
3–20
KH
1–12
TDS
80–350
Stability importance
Important

It tolerates cooler and more mineralised water than many Amazonian eartheaters. Seasonal temperature variation is acceptable.

Parameter caveat
Do not assume peaceful Geophagus behaviour. Mature pairs can be highly aggressive and may uproot plants.

Feeding

Diet types
Detritivore, Insectivore, Omnivore
Feeding frequency
Daily
Preferred foods
  • Quality sinking cichlid pelletUse a staple pellet appropriate to the fish size and mouth shape.
  • Chopped shrimp, mussel, or earthwormOffer clean unseasoned portions as rotating protein foods.
  • Blanched leafy greens or peasUseful for omnivorous and plant-eating species; remove leftovers promptly.
  • Frozen krill or mysisFeed in moderation to add variety and support colour.

An omnivorous substrate feeder taking invertebrates, plant matter, detritus, and prepared foods.

Use balanced pellets and varied whole foods. Avoid rich protein-only feeding.

Breeding

Breeding type
Egg Layer, Substrate Spawner
Breeding difficulty
Moderate
Breeding temperature
25 °C
Breeding pH
7
Brood or egg count
Several hundred to more than 1,000 eggs.
Incubation
3 days
Parental care
Biparental care
Baby foods
  • Newly hatched brine shrimpSuitable after yolk absorption for most cichlid fry.
  • Crushed high-quality cichlid pelletIntroduce gradually as fry grow.
  • Finely chopped frozen cyclopsUseful supplementary food for larger fry.

A biparental substrate spawner. Eggs are laid on rock, wood, or a cleaned pit and both parents defend the brood.

Habitat and Origin

Geographic origin
Brazil, South America, Uruguay
Natural habitat
Brackish Water, Freshwater River, Lake, Reservoir
Aquarium contexts
Freshwater Aquarium, Large Freshwater Aquarium, Species-Only Aquarium, Temperate Aquarium
Audience level
Intermediate

Classification

Profile type
Recognized species
Genus
Geophagus
Family
Cichlidae
Species group
Cichlids, Fish, South American Cichlids

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