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Species profile

Texas Cichlid

Herichthys cyanoguttatus

Common names: Texas Cichlid, Rio Grande Cichlid, Rio Grande Perch, Pearl Cichlid

Recognized speciesCentral American Cichlids
Texas Cichlid (Herichthys cyanoguttatus)

Adult size

Up to 30 cm

Typical adult length 20–30 cm.

Up to 30 cm

Countries of origin

  • See all stock from Mexico
  • See all stock from United States

Good fit for your tank?

Good fit for

  • An experienced keeper wanting a large, forceful North American cichlid
  • A single-fish or pair-focused aquarium with secured decor
  • A breeder prepared for territorial parents and substantial grow-out needs

Think carefully if

  • You need a peaceful community or carefully planted aquascape
  • You cannot separate an aggressive adult or incompatible pair
  • The seller may be confusing true Texas Cichlids with Green Texas or Red Texas hybrids

A large pearly cichlid native to the lower Rio Grande system in Texas and northeastern Mexico. It is territorial, destructive, and best maintained in a large aquarium.

Appearance and Identification

The Texas Cichlid is a large, deep-bodied fish covered with small pearl-like blue, green or turquoise spots over a grey, olive or golden base. Dark body and tail blotches remain visible, while breeding fish develop a much stronger black-and-pale contrast.

Correct the genus to Herichthys. True H. cyanoguttatus has fine pearl spotting and a native Rio Grande distribution. It is frequently confused with the Green Texas cichlid and commercial hybrids, so breeder provenance matters.

Mature males are usually larger, more extended in the dorsal and anal fins and more likely to develop a forehead hump. Females often remain rounder and may carry a dark dorsal-fin blotch, but these traits vary and should not be treated as certain in young fish.

Tank Requirements

Suggested filter
About 1,200–1,500 litres an hour
Suggested heater
About 300–450 W for this tank
Minimum tank volume
300 litres
Minimum tank length
120 cm
Minimum group size
1
Recommended group size
1
Activity level
High
Flow preference
Moderate
Hiding places
Yes
Lid recommended
Yes

Provide a large aquarium with robust filtration, sand or fine gravel, open swimming space and firmly placed rocks or wood. This species digs, moves decor and may uproot plants, so equipment and structures must be protected from a powerful adult.

Behaviour and Tankmates

Texas Cichlids are assertive, territorial and capable of severe aggression, particularly when a pair forms. They investigate and rearrange their surroundings, and a mature specimen may dominate fish that previously shared the aquarium without trouble.

Usually kept singly or as a compatible pair. A group of juveniles may be raised to allow natural pair formation, but surplus fish require separate homes.

Adults claim large areas and rearrange hardscape. A breeding pair may attack every other fish in the aquarium.

Keeping one fish or a compatible pair is the most predictable choice. Large, robust tank mates are possible only in very spacious systems with broken sight lines and a separation plan; small, timid or similarly territorial fish are poor companions.

Check tankmates for this species

Water Parameters

Temperature
20–30 °C
pH
6.5–8
GH
5–15
KH
3–10
TDS
100–350
Stability importance
Important

This subtropical species tolerates a wider temperature range than many tropical cichlids. Stable neutral to moderately alkaline water with moderate mineral content is suitable.

Parameter caveat
Avoid keeping the fish at the warmest end of the range throughout the year. Warmer water increases metabolism and lowers oxygen. Never release unwanted fish into local waterways.

Feeding

Diet types
Carnivore, Herbivore, Omnivore
Feeding frequency
Daily
Preferred foods
  • Large complete cichlid pelletUse as the dietary base.
  • Frozen shrimp, mussel, or krillOffer clean unseasoned portions in rotation.
  • Earthworms or insect larvaeUse clean sources as occasional conditioning foods.
  • Spirulina or vegetable-based pelletProvides fibre and plant matter.

This adaptable omnivore should receive quality cichlid pellets with varied invertebrate foods and regular vegetable or algae-based foods. Feeding only rich meaty items ignores the broad natural diet and can lead to poor long-term condition.

Use a varied omnivore diet. Avoid feeder fish and mammalian meat. Control portions to reduce obesity and heavy waste production.

Breeding

Breeding type
Egg Layer, Substrate Spawner
Breeding difficulty
Moderate
Breeding temperature
26 °C
Breeding pH
7.2
Brood or egg count
Commonly 500 to 1,000 eggs from a mature female.
Incubation
3 days
Parental care
Biparental care
Baby foods
  • Newly hatched brine shrimpPrimary food once fry are free-swimming; feed small rinsed portions several times daily.
  • MicrowormsUseful supplementary first food for small fry.
  • Fine powdered fry foodUse sparingly and remove uneaten material.
  • Finely crushed high-quality flakeIntroduce as fry grow and can take larger particles.

A pair cleans a flat rock or other firm site, lays adhesive eggs and provides strong biparental care, often moving larvae into pits. Spawning is usually achievable once a pair forms, but partner aggression, defence of the brood and the number of juveniles make management more difficult than egg laying itself.

Habitat and Origin

Geographic origin
Mexico, North America, United States
Natural habitat
Freshwater River, Slow River, Vegetated Shoreline
Aquarium contexts
Breeding Aquarium, Freshwater Aquarium, Large Freshwater Aquarium, Species-Only Aquarium
Audience level
Advanced

Classification

Profile type
Recognized species
Genus
Herichthys
Family
Cichlidae
Species group
Central American Cichlids, Cichlids, Fish
Previous scientific names
Cichlasoma cyanoguttatum, Former generic combination widely used in older aquarium literature., Heros cyanoguttatus, Original combination., Herichtys cyanoguttatus, Common misspelling; the accepted genus spelling is Herichthys.

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